This Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu video features an interview with Nic after a seminar at the world famous Tiger Muay Thai Gym in Phuket, Thailand.

One of the questions I am often asked at seminars is “What is Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu conditioning training like?” In an earlier post, I spoke of “attribute maximization”. This article will discuss specific ways to condition and prepare the body for jiu-jitsu.

I believe that the most important question you need to ask yourself when doing any training to improve your grappling is “Why am I doing this?”. For example, let’s say you are doing a session consisting of jumping jacks, sprints and pull ups. Why are you doing those exercises? How will the they aid you, specifically, on the mat. If you can’t answer that question about your workouts or even each specific exercise, then you need to reevaluate what you’re doing. Below I give a general overview of the exercises I engage in and, more importantly, why I use them.

Climbing

At this point, I have found no better compliment to my jiu-jitsu training than climbing. The improvement in grip strength alone is worth the effort. After about 6 months of rock-climbing once per week I noticed a major increase in my forearm and finger strength.

A study on bone density between two control groups, one of weightlifters and one of rock climbers, found that the climbers had far higher levels of bone density. Obviously, increased bone density is invaluable to a jiu-jitsoka.

Climbing enhances strength, balance and weight distribution. What more could a jiu-jitsu fighter want? It’s fun as hell too.

Best for: Grip Strength

Bodyweight exercises such as the alligator increase all physical attributes

Swimming

Swimming is great for jiu-jitsu. In my opinion it’s far superior to running as a form of conditioning because there is no impact on the ankles, knees and hips. It lengthens and strengthens the muscles and opens up the back and shoulders – areas of the body which often tighten up after a lot of grappling.

It’s also excellent for breath control and strengthens the heart and lungs. It promotes rhythm and, when done at a slow pace ,will help with over-training and recovery.

Best for: Cardiovascular Fitness

Resistance Training with Equipment

The beauty of using equipment is that is allows great control over the resistance variable of the exercise. When I use weights and kettlebells I tend to focus on compound, multi-joint movements such as full squats, barbell rows and Turkish get-ups. Using rubber cables/strands is also very effective as they more accurately simulate the tensile strength of an opponent.

Best for: Explosive Power, Muscle-specific strengthening

Gymnastic / Bodyweight Training

If you wanted to, you could get in shape to grapple without ever using a pool, weight, cable or any other equipment for that matter.

Moving the body through space using push ups, squats and pull ups is a challenging and effective way to build strength and/or endurance. At the more challenging end of the spectrum, gymnastic style movements such as handstands and bridging develop pretty much every attribute. The animals drills are also great for co-ordination and agility.

At the moment I am working with unilateral movements such as pistol squats and one-arm push-ups because I feel they offer the superior functional strength for jiu-jitsu.

Best for: Agility, Core Strength

Yoga

Yoga is the most widely practiced exercise system in the world. Rickson Gracie is a yoga master, and without question that plays a role in his incredible mat skills.

Regular yoga practice strengthens your muscles, massages your internal organs and calms your mind. But to me, the biggest benefit derived from yoga is flexibility. It increases lubrication of joints, ligaments and tendons and corrects muscular-skeletal imbalances that can affect your health and and jiu-jitsu performance. I don’t do as much yoga as I should, but when I have time I tend to prefer the more dynamic, physical styles such as Astanga.

Oh yeah, there are loads of hot girls in yoga classes too…

Best for: Flexibility

I hope this has helped some of you. I would love to hear from you guys regarding the training methods you employ to make yourselves better jiu-jitsokas.

To maximize your potential as a jiu-jitsoka, it’s not enough to just head to class every day and go through the motions. You need to approach your training from several angles.

One of the Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu tips that has worked for my students and is a system which I call the A.C.T. Model’. This stands for Attribute Maximization, Conceptual Understanding, Technical Knowledge. This article will provide a general overview of this model.

Attribute Maximization

Attributes include, strength, power, flexibility, pressure sensitivity, balance, coordination and endurance.

Jiu-jitsu is a highly athletic endeavour. It is one of the most physical of all martial arts and sports, and demands a lot from those who practice it. You need to maximize your attributes if you want to maximize your jiu-jitsu.

After Royce Gracie’s early wins in the UFC over much bigger and stronger opponents, there began a popular misconception in the grappling arts that size and strength were not important, and that technique was all that mattered.

A lot of jiu-jitsu guys make statements like “strength is not important, all you need is technique.” This is simply not true. Stronger, fitter individuals have a huge advantage over others. This is why the 250 lbs, rugby-playing white belt is usually much harder to spar with than the 140 lbs, super-skilled purple belt. This is also why the absolute division at the world champs is never won by lightweights.

It is true that the leverage afforded by grappling techniques often allows those with lesser attributes to defeat larger, stronger opponents. However there is no denying that being more powerful, faster or fitter than someone gives you an advantage over him, regardless of his level of technique. It is when you combine great attributes with technical and conceptual knowledge you have the makings of an exceptional grappler.

The good news is that most attributes can be improved through intelligent, specific training. This will be the topic of future posts.

Conceptual Understanding

Conceptual Understanding refers to the awareness of the principles and theories that form the foundation of the art. These include things like leverage, biomechanics and breath control.

There are an infinite number of technical situations in jiu-jitsu, and new ones are being developed all the time. You will never be able to learn every single attack, defense, counter and combination. There will always be holes in your game. Conceptual understanding fills in the gaps in your technical knowledge. It allows you to create your own movements and adapt quickly when you do not have a technical response to a particular circumstance.

For example, let’s say during a sparring session that your opponent has a great guard and you feel him set up a sweep which you are not familiar with. Although you might not know the ideal technical defense to his attack, if your understanding of the concept of “base” is good it will still be difficult for him to complete his move.

See the concepts section of this site for examples of Conceptual Understanding. Also, look for the work of Matt Thornton, an excellent concept-based instructor.

Technical Knowledge

Technical Knowledge is a framework of response patterns to specific situations, usually following the simple formula of If ‘x’, then ‘y’. An example, “If I am in guard and my opponent puts his hand on my chest, then I trap his arm, step on his hip…” etc.

Most BJJ academies focus heavily on this aspect of training. The beauty of a technique is that it usually represents the most efficient way of accomplishing an objective. I say usually, because even great techniques are often replaced by more effective variations.

Long-time black belt and instructor Roy Harris speaks of “Technique Collectors”. This is the guy who watches every single YouTube video of the most advanced, inverted x-guard sweeps and owns every single jiu-jitsu instructional DVD on the planet, but ask him to mount and choke anyone in sparring and he’s completely lost.

Technical knowledge can be broadly categorized into depth and breadth. Technique collectors usually have great breadth of knowledge, or the ‘know a little about a lot’. Good fighters usually have great depth of knowledge, i.e. they specialize in only a few positions or techniques, but they know these really well. The great jiu-jitsu practitioners have both breadth and depth of technical knowledge.

The best ways I have found to improve technique are physical repetition and visualization.

Becoming Complete

To become a complete jiu-jitsoka you need to be strong, have a familiarity of the concepts underpinning the art, and also have great technique. Try to identify any aspects where you are deficient, focus on improving them, and ultimately make them your strengths.

Hey guys !

Check out Nic in this month edition of Martial Arts Illustrated !

Martial Arts Illustrated hears from Nicolas Gregoriades – founder member of The Jiu Jitsu Brotherhood – about how martial arts can change the world for the better. Nicolas is then interviewed and delivers his favourite Jiu Jitsu technique.

Following my article on nutrition, I frequently received emails from readers asking for more detailed information regarding their diets.

James Tolley, one of my training partners and a nutrition expert, agreed to offer his views on the Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu nutrition in detail. Please bear in mind that these articles can get quite technical, but the investment of a little reading time and thought will reward you with the tools you need to achieve an optimum diet for jiu-jitsu.

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In my first article for the Jiuj-Jitsu Brotherhood I looked at post-exercise nutrition. I am going to stay on the topic of nutrition and talk about the types of food we should eat and which food to avoid.

Food as a Drug

You shouldn’t think of food as just a source of energy and nutrients to fuel our bodies; it is also a powerful drug capable of eliciting chemical changes in our bodies. Some of these changes are beneficial and some can be harmful. If food is a drug that you are putting into your system three, four, five times a day, you need to ensure that this drug is helping you achieve your training goals and not silently killing you.

The Evolutionary Diet

Following an evolutionary diet is challenging, but the potential rewards to your training and health are worth the effort it initially takes. One of these rewards is that an evolutionary diet allows us better control of our hormones, keeping a natural balance in the competing feedback mechanisms of our complex endocrine (hormonal system) system.

Recently we have seen an explosion in so called ‘diseases of Western civilisation’, including type 2 diabetes, thyroid disorders and obesity. These diseases have one thing in common, they are endocrine diseases. It is essential for health that your endocrine system is in balance. It is worth repeating the point that if this is the case you will see a huge increase in performance.

What to Eat

Following an evolutionary approach to nutrition allows a simple definition of what foods we should eat:

Meat including muscle meat, organ meat and bone marrow. Preferably wild game meats, if not then at least organic and grass fed over intensively reared and grain fed.

Marine and fresh water fish and shellfish. Preferably wild, if not then at least organic and naturally fed.

Fresh, seasonal fruit and vegetables.

Nuts and Seeds.

For occasional sweetness I would include honey and agave nectar (agave originates from cactus plants and unlike refined sugars contains high levels of iron, calcium, potassium and magnesium).

What Not to Eat

We can expand on this list by including what we shouldn’t be eating:

Avoid all modern processed food. This category tends to be high in refined sugars and oils; processed foods are also generally high in added salt content.

Avoid grains. They have a high glycaemic load when compared to more favourable carbohydrate sources such as fruit and vegetables. However, there is also research which suggests that consumption of grains is related to various digestive disorders.

In the past I included all dairy products but I have softened my stance on this topic recently with information from genetic profiling. This suggests that you should consume dairy products if you have the genes to metabolise lactose. Not all people have these genes, but they are more commonly distributed in people with a heritage from north-western Europe.

The above list provides us with a simple guideline of what types of food to eat to help maintain a neutral hormonal balance in synch with our caveman genes. This will help us to remain healthy and allow maximal expression of these genes through our environment, including the physical training associated with jiu jitsu.

Macronutrient Ratios

There are other reasons why an evolutionary approach to nutrition is beneficial to your health and performance. As we have seen the main aim is to maintain a neutral hormonal balance, this can be affected not just by the type of food we eat but also by the ratios of the different types of food nutrient groups, otherwise known as the macronutrient composition of your diet.

The modern principle of diets i.e. a calorie is a calorie is simply not true. It is what you eat (the types of food AND the ratio of macronutrients) and not just how much you eat that is the major influence on body composition, health and performance.

Macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein and fat) are the three basic nutrient groups provided by food. The composition or ratio of the macronutrients digested in today’s diet has drifted a long way from the ratio we have evolved from. Bio-chemical imbalances resulting from sub-optimal nutrition lead to a situation where your genes cannot express themselves resulting in disease and lack of adaptation when training.

It is currently recommended that we consume approximately 65% of total calories from carbohydrate, 15% from protein and 20% from fat. A pioneer of the Paleolithic movement Professor Cordain examined hunter-gatherer macronutrient ratios and found that protein is generally between 20%-35% energy, at the expense of carbohydrate (22%-40% energy).

Recent trials have shown that calorie restricted high protein diets have been more effective in promoting and maintaining weight loss than calorie restricted high carbohydrate diets.

Part 2 of this article will deal with some of the health benefits associated with eating in an evolutionary way.